{"id":180,"date":"2015-04-23T18:49:15","date_gmt":"2015-04-24T02:49:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arabyna.blog\/?p=180"},"modified":"2015-04-23T18:50:01","modified_gmt":"2015-04-24T02:50:01","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%a9-%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%86-%d8%ad%d9%8a-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arabyna.blog\/?p=180","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u062d\u064a &#8211; 1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>&#8220;The simple truth is that all languages change, all the time &#8211; the only static languages are dead ones.&#8221; &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/guydeutscher\/\" target=\"_blank\">Guy Deutscher<\/a><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/arabyna.blog\/?p=119\" target=\"_blank\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/a> \u0639\u0646 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0647. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062e \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644. \u0627\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u062a\u064a (\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0647) \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0621 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Plural agreement: &#8220;There <strong>is<\/strong> a lot of sand and there <strong>is<\/strong> a lot of people&#8221; &#8211;&gt; &#8220;There <strong>is<\/strong> a lot of sand and there <strong>are<\/strong> a lot of people&#8221;<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Pronoun agreement: &#8220;<strong>Me and my<\/strong> friend&#8221; &#8211;&gt; &#8220;<strong>My<\/strong> friend <strong>and<\/strong> <strong>I<\/strong>&#8220;<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Relative pronouns: &#8220;To <strong>whoever<\/strong> I choose&#8221; &#8211;&gt; &#8220;To <strong>whomever<\/strong> I choose&#8221;<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Double negatives: &#8220;We don&#8217;t need <strong>no<\/strong> education&#8221; &#8211;&gt; &#8220;We don&#8217;t need <strong>any<\/strong> education&#8221;<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Unexpected spelling: Why is there no J in &#8220;soldier&#8221;?<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Irregular spelling: Why &#8220;frequent <strong>flyer<\/strong>&#8221; and not &#8220;frequent <strong>flier<\/strong>&#8220;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647) \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0647 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u064a (\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0647) \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0646 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627) \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f (\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u063a\u0647 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628:<\/p>\n<table class=\"aligncenter\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"width: 40%;\" border=\"1px \" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">English ~2000 AD<\/span><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">English ~1000 AD<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody dir=\"rtl\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<div dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">the water<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">th\u0153t w\u0153ter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<div dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">to the water<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">tham w\u0153ter<strong>e<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<div dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">of the water<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">th\u0153s w\u0153ter<strong>es<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<div dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">the water<strong>s<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">tha w\u0153ter<strong>u<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<div dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">to the water<strong>s<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">tham w\u0153ter<strong>um<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<div dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">of the water<strong>s<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">thara w\u0153ter<strong>a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0630\u0639\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0647&#8221; \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0647\u061f \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 &#8220;add S&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0647:<\/p>\n<table class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"width: 40%;\" border=\"1px \" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Singular<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Plural ~1000 AD<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Plural ~2000 AD<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">eye<br \/>\n<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">eyn<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">eyes<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>b\u014dk (book)<\/td>\n<td>b\u0113c (pronounced beek)<\/td>\n<td>books<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>cow<\/td>\n<td>kine<\/td>\n<td>cows<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>goat<\/td>\n<td>gat<\/td>\n<td>goats<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>lamb<\/td>\n<td>lambru<\/td>\n<td>lambs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>house<\/td>\n<td>house<\/td>\n<td>houses<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>oak<\/td>\n<td>ack<\/td>\n<td>oaks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>hand<\/td>\n<td>hend<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0hands<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644: \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a {book<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u2192<\/span>beek} \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0649 {book<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u2192<\/span>books}\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 {foot<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u2192<\/span>feet} \u0627\u0644\u0649 {foot<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u2192<\/span>foots} \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u061f \u0648\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a {house<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u2192<\/span>house} \u0642\u062f \u0631\u0636\u062e\u062a \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 &#8220;add S&#8221; \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a {house<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u2192<\/span>houses}\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 {deer<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u2192<\/span>deer} \u0627\u0644\u0649 {deer<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u2192<\/span>deers} \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u061f \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0647&#8221; \u0645\u062b\u0644 {fishes, mouses, gooses}. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627 &#8220;\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0647&#8221; \u0627\u0645 &#8220;\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0651\u0637\u0647&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647\u061f \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0635\u0651\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621&#8221; \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0630\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627:<\/p>\n<table class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"width: 50%;\" border=\"1px \" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0628<\/th>\n<th dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0630\u0631<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0637\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 (\u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0647) \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u062a <strong>\u0644\u0647<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u0630\u0627\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0644\u064a\u0633<\/strong> \u064a\u0643\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0628\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0630\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0627<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u062d\u0628\u0651\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0642\u0628\u0644 <strong>\u064a\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064f<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0635\u0648\u0651\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0630\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621&#8221; \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647. \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639:<\/p>\n<table class=\"aligncenter\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"width: 80%;\" border=\"1px \" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\">Genesis 6:6<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody dir=\"ltr\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">The <span class=\"name\">Lord<\/span> regretted that he had made human beings on the earth\u00a0&#8230;\u00a0So God said to Noah: &#8216;&#8230; Make yourself an ark of cypress wood &#8230;<\/td>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">New International Version<\/p>\n<p>~2000AD<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">It repented the Lord that he had made man on the earth &#8230; And God said vnto Noah: &#8216;&#8230; Make thee an arke of gopher wood &#8230;<\/td>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">King James Version<\/p>\n<p>~1600 AD<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">It forthou\u021dt him that he had made man in erthe. He seide to Noe: &#8216;&#8230; Make to thee an ark of planed trees &#8230;<\/td>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">Wycliffe Version<\/p>\n<p>~1400 AD<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0Gode of\u00f0uhte\u00a0\u00f0a\u00a0\u00f0\u0153t he mann geworhte ofer eor\u00f0oan &#8230; And God cw\u0153\u00f0 \u00f0a to Noe: &#8216;Wyrc \u00f0e nu ane arc of aheawenum bordum &#8230;<\/td>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00c6lfric Version<\/p>\n<p>~1000 AD<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">v=b<strong>u<\/strong>t, \u021d=thou<strong>gh<\/strong>t, \u00f0=<strong>th<\/strong>ought<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 {lexicons} \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 {syntax} \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 {orthography}. \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647\u061f \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u0632\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u061f \u0627\u0646\u0635\u062d\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.billbryson.co.uk\/index.php\/mother-tongue-the-story-of-the-english-language-2\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/a> \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0635\u062f\u0641\u0647\u061f<\/p>\n<table class=\"aligncenter\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"width: 50%;\" border=\"1px \" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647 (\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody dir=\"rtl\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">English<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Thou <strong>shall<\/strong> succeed<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\">You&#8217;re <strong>going<\/strong> to succeed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\">French<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\">Vous\u00a0 <strong>r\u00e9uss\u00eetes<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Tu <strong>vas<\/strong> r\u00e9ussir<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\" rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\" rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0633\u0648\u0641<\/strong> \u062a\u0646\u062c\u062d<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\/\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\/\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\/\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646): <strong>\u0631\u0627\u062d<\/strong> \u062a\u0646\u062c\u062d<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\">(\u0645\u0635\u0631): <strong>\u062d<b>\u0640<\/b><\/strong>\u062a\u0646\u062c\u062d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645. \u0641\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p class=\"lead\">&ldquo;The simple truth is that all languages change, all the time &ndash; the only static languages are dead ones.&rdquo; &ndash; Guy Deutscher &#1578;&#1603;&#1604;&#1605;&#1578; &#1601;&#1610;&nbsp;&#1605;&#1602;&#1575;&#1604; &#1587;&#1575;&#1576;&#1602; &#1593;&#1606; &#1592;&#1575;&#1607;&#1585;&#1607; &#1593;&#1583;&#1605; &#1575;&#1580;&#1575;&#1583;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1617; &#1604;&#1602;&#1608;&#1575;&#1593;&#1583; &#1604;&#1594;&#1578;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1585;&#1587;&#1605;&#1610;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1603;&#1578;&#1608;&#1576;&#1607;. &#1608;&#1604;&#1604;&#1575;&#1605;&#1575;&#1606;&#1607; &#1601;&#1602;&#1583; &#1578;&#1593;&#1605;&#1617;&#1583;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1594;&#1607; &#1601;&#1610; &#1578;&#1582;&#1589;&#1610;&#1589; &#1607;&#1584;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1592;&#1575;&#1607;&#1585;&#1607; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1604;&#1594;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1607; &#1608;&#1581;&#1583;&#1607;&#1575;&#1548; &#1608;&#1603;&#1571;&#1606; &#1576;&#1575;&#1602;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1604;&#1594;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1593;&#1575;&#1589;&#1585;&#1607; &#1578;&#1593;&#1610;&#1588; &#1601;&#1610; &#1575;&#1606;&#1587;&#1580;&#1575;&#1605; &#1608;&#1578;&#1591;&#1575;&#1576;&#1602; &#1578;&#1575;&#1605; &#1576;&#1610;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1604;&#1594;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1581;&#1603;&#1610;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1583;&#1575;&#1585;&#1580;&#1607; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1604;&#1594;&#1607;&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-p\"><a class=\"btn btn-danger\" href=\"https:\/\/arabyna.blog\/?p=180\">Read more &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-180","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5AiOK-2U","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabyna.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/180","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabyna.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabyna.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabyna.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabyna.blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=180"}],"version-history":[{"count":45,"href":"https:\/\/arabyna.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/180\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":281,"href":"https:\/\/arabyna.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/180\/revisions\/281"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabyna.blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=180"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabyna.blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=180"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabyna.blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=180"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}