{"id":446,"date":"2015-07-17T19:39:53","date_gmt":"2015-07-18T03:39:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arabyna.blog\/?p=446"},"modified":"2015-07-17T19:39:53","modified_gmt":"2015-07-18T03:39:53","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arabyna.blog\/?p=446","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a 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14pt;\">\u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0648 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 20pt;\">\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0647<\/span><\/h1>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647. \u0641\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 (90%+) \u0627\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0651\u0627\u0646 (90%+) \u062a\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647!<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u0651. \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647: \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647. \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. <\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/arabyna.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/low-rez-turkey-illiteracy-rate-after-language-reform.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"606\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/data\/education-knowledge\/literacy\/\" target=\"_blank\">Max Roser (2015) \u2013 \u2018Literacy\u2019. Published online at OurWorldInData.org<\/a><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.uis.unesco.org\/Education\/Documents\/UIS-literacy-statistics-1990-2015-en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">ADULT AND YOUTH LITERACY, 1990-2015 &#8211; Analysis of data for 41 selected countries<\/a><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.unesco.org\/education\/GMR2006\/full\/chapt8_eng.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Education for All Global Monitoring Report, 2006<\/a><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/data\/\/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators&amp;Type=TABLE#\" target=\"_blank\">World Databank<\/a><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0642\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a {chat, social media, tweets, posts, blogs, &#8230;}<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0641 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644. \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0630 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0647&#8221; \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 arabizi \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0643\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0643&#8221; \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a! \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621&#8221; \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647. \u0648\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0628.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 20pt;\">\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647<br \/>\n<\/span><\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0630\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0647 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">1. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0651\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/arabyna.blog\/?p=388\" target=\"_blank\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">2. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0651\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/arabyna.blog\/?p=398\" target=\"_blank\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">3. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 {digraphs} \u0645\u062b\u0644 ch \u0623\u0648 sh:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" style=\"width: 50%;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0647<br \/>\n<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a<br \/>\n<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>\u00c7<\/strong>ilek = <strong>Ch<\/strong>y-lek<br \/>\n<\/span>(Strawberry)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">ch<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u00e7<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>\u015e<\/strong>emsiye = <strong>Sh<\/strong>em-sy-yeh<br \/>\n<\/span>(Umbrella)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">sh<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u015f<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0651\u0647 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0647<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" style=\"width: 30%;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a<br \/>\n<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">b<strong>ee<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">i<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">pl<strong>u<\/strong>s<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>a<\/strong>rt<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">b<strong>e<\/strong>nd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">e<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">b<strong>o<\/strong>ne<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">o<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">f<strong>u<\/strong>r<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u00f6<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">bl<strong>ue<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">u<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">t<strong>u<\/strong> [French]<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u00fc<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: <em><a href=\"http:\/\/linguistics.concordia.ca\/turkishvowels\/\" target=\"_blank\">Concordia University Montreal &#8211; Linguistis <\/a><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"rtl\"><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"rtl\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0642. \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0630\u0651 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" style=\"width: 35%;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a<br \/>\n<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">k<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">knife<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">w<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">wrong<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">g<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">sign<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">d<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">chaud<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">t<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">lait<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">e,n,t<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">viennent<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u0648<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u00a0\u0627<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u00a0\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0627<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u00a0\u0644<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u00a0\u0627<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u00a0\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0647 (\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0631\u0641 <strong>\u011f<\/strong> \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0647)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0649. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0647:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" style=\"width: 50%;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641<br \/>\n<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a<br \/>\n<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">cat<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u0643<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">c<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">city<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u0633<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">c<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">change<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u062a\u0634<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">ch<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">chrome<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">\u0643<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">ch<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0638. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0647 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<div dir=\"rtl\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<h1 dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 20pt;\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647<br \/>\n<\/span><\/h1>\n<div dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 (UPPER\/lower casing). \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647. \u062b\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631. \u062a\u0644\u0643 <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0647\u061f<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0641. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0647. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0641\u062d\u0631\u0641\u0627 {\u0131, i} \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a {u, \u00fc} \u0627\u0648 {o, \u00f6}. <\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639. \u0641\u062d\u0631\u0641 i \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 j. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647 (\u0628\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0647) \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u064a \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0647 {information content}.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">3- \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0641 C \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0643 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u062a \u062c. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0651\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u0627 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0645 C \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0631\u0646\u0647 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f: \u062c.<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"rtl\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<h1 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20pt;\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 22pt;\">\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"rtl\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/arabyna.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/arabyna.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"120\" height=\"120\" \/><\/div>\n<div dir=\"rtl\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p class=\"lead\">&#1601;&#1610; &#1587;&#1610;&#1575;&#1602; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1583;&#1610;&#1579; &#1593;&#1606; &#1578;&#1581;&#1583;&#1610;&#1579; &#1575;&#1604;&#1603;&#1578;&#1575;&#1576;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1607; &#1604;&#1575; &#1576;&#1583; &#1604;&#1606;&#1575; &#1575;&#1606; &#1606;&#1587;&#1578;&#1593;&#1585;&#1590; &#1578;&#1580;&#1585;&#1576;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1604;&#1594;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1585;&#1603;&#1610;&#1607;&#1548; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1610; &#1603;&#1575;&#1606;&#1578; &#1578;&#1603;&#1578;&#1576; &#1591;&#1608;&#1575;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1607;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1579;&#1605;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610; &#1576;&#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1582;&#1583;&#1575;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1576;&#1580;&#1583;&#1610;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1607;&#1548; &#1579;&#1605; &#1575;&#1593;&#1610;&#1583;&#1578; &#1607;&#1606;&#1583;&#1587;&#1578;&#1607;&#1575; &#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1603;&#1575;&#1605;&#1604; &#1601;&#1610; &#1576;&#1583;&#1575;&#1610;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1602;&#1585;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1588;&#1585;&#1610;&#1606; &#1576;&#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1582;&#1583;&#1575;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1576;&#1580;&#1583;&#1610;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1604;&#1575;&#1578;&#1610;&#1606;&#1610;&#1607;. &#1608;&#1578;&#1604;&#1603; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1580;&#1585;&#1576;&#1607; &#1578;&#1578;&#1602;&#1575;&#1591;&#1593; &#1605;&#1593; &#1605;&#1588;&#1585;&#1608;&#1593; &#1593;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1606;&#1575; &#1576;&#1588;&#1603;&#1604; &#1603;&#1576;&#1610;&#1585;: &#1605;&#1606; &#1581;&#1610;&#1579; &#1575;&#1606;&#1607;&#1575; &#1605;&#1588;&#1585;&#1608;&#1593; &#1604;&#1575;&#1593;&#1575;&#1583;&#1607; &#1607;&#1606;&#1583;&#1587;&#1607; &#1591;&#1585;&#1610;&#1602;&#1607; &#1603;&#1578;&#1575;&#1576;&#1607; &#1604;&#1594;&#1607; &#1605;&#1606; &#1583;&#1608;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1587;&#1611; &#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1604;&#1594;&#1607; &#1606;&#1601;&#1587;&#1607;&#1575; (&#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1589;&#1608;&#1575;&#1578;&#1548; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1601;&#1585;&#1583;&#1575;&#1578;&#1548; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1576;&#1575;&#1585;&#1575;&#1578;&#1548;&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-p\"><a class=\"btn btn-danger\" href=\"https:\/\/arabyna.blog\/?p=446\">Read more 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